Al-Rafidain Journal for Sports Sciences (RJSS)

The aim of the research was to building ascale the requirements of implementing the privatization in the Iraqi sports clubs from the members of their administrative bodies point of view. The descriptive method was used, the sample consisted of (222) members of the administrative bodies in the sports clubs they had chosen randomly. A questionnaire was used to identify the requirements of privatization. In the statistical analysis of the data, the weighted mean and percentage were used. The main conclusions were the need to provide land for the establishment of sports facilities for clubs and grant club administrations the freedom to invest their facilities and provide government support And ensure the rights of all parties, workers, investors and adminstration in the clubs and provide suitable environment conducive to investment and prepare the public opinion to accept privatization and the structure of administrative systems  and provide various sources of  different income to support sports activities.

The research aims to: -
1-      Building a Scale for the sources of the organization power for the coaches of the Futsal teams in the super Iraqi leagues .
2-      ɪdentifying the levels to the sources of the organization power for the Futsal teams coaches in the Iraqi super leagues from footballer point of views .
The description programme had been used by the survey method and it included two samples . The build and the final application ( 182 / 120 ) footballers in frequently fram the super Iraqi league teams and to got the data then built the gauge of the organization power to apply it in default of the scientific conditions on it . The data had been corrected by counting using the arithmetic and the standard deviation with the simple linkage by Getmans equalization and Alphakrunbakhs operator . The two investigator deduced many things as impartant :-
1-      Gauges ability of the organization power by the coaches which had built by the investingators of the Iraqi super leagues teams in futsal .                                                                                                                                                                                
2-      The coaches had very high level of the organization power and there is a contrast in using the sources of this power from footballers point of view and under these indicators :-                                                                                         
A-     The coaches had offered (( very high )) Levels in exploiting the Expert power .
B-     The coaches demonstrated (( very high )) Levels in their having the Referent power .
C-     The coaches had gotten (( very high )) Levels in acting the source of the legitimate power .
D-     The coaches had gotten (( high )) Levels in using Reward power .
E-      The coaches had used (( coercive power )) in (( Middle )) Levels .
The two investigators advised many tips :-
1-      The ability of depending on the gauges of the sitting education to evaluate the coaches organization power from the players point of views .
 

            The research aims to identify:
 - The relationship between the persistence of attention with both the performance and accuracy of the skill of the Blooking in volleyball.
- The relationship between the Speed of kinetic response with both the performance and accuracy of the skill of the Blooking in volleyball.
       The researcher used the descriptive approach with correlation style to suit the nature of the research. The research sample consisted of volleyball players of the category of applicants to (8) clubs of the Kurdistan Region participating in the co-existence championship, which was established Akad Sports Club for the season (2016-2017) , The number of(89) Represent(87.25%) of the original research community. The research sample was tested by (4) mental, physical and skill tests as means of gathering information to achieve the objectives of the research. So to handling results, the researcher used the following statistical means : (Percentage, mean, standard deviation, Sprain coefficient, simple Pearson's correlation coefficient).
Conclusions:
-There is a significant correlation between the persistence of attention with both the performance and accuracy of the skill of blooking in volleyball sample of the research.
- There is a significant correlation between the time of the Speed of kinetic response and the accuracy of the barrier of blooking in volleyball of the sample of the research.
-There is a non significant correlation between the time of the Speed of kinetic response and the performance of blooking in volleyball resistance the sample of the research.   
Recommendations:
- The need to focus on the application of scientific principles and foundations to develop the stability of attention and of the Speed of kinetic response in line with the requirements of performance and accuracy of the skill of blooking in volleyball.
- The trainers must be sure to give importance to their training in the stability of attention according to the specific performance of each skill of rejection in the ball in volleyball.
 - The need to confirm the speed of kinetic response that has a direct impact on the performance of skilled volleyball player according to their specializations.
 

The research aims to detect:
- Effectiveness of the competitive style of learning teams with heterogeneous and heterogeneous groups , and the usual method of skillful achievement of some basketball skills.
The researchers used the experimental approach to suit the nature of the research. The sample included (42) students of the first year in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Mosul, 14 students for the first experimental group, 14 students for the second experimental group, (14) students for the control group. Parity between the two groups was carried out in the basic variables (age, height and mass) and some elements of fitness and skill.
The implementation of the educational program lasted 6 weeks from 25/2/2018 to 5/4/2018, 12 educational plans for the first experimental group, 12 educational plans for the second experimental group, 12 educational plans for the control group, And the duration of each educational plan (75) minutes, and after the completion of the program post-test  was conducted for the skillful achievement on 11/4/2018 .
The researchers used the following statistical means:
 To obtain the results of the current research, the researcher used the statistical bag (SPSS) using the following statistical means:
mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient Pearson, and the t-test of the unrelated samples.
- coefficient of easiness and difficulty, the coefficient of power excellence, Spearman equation.
- One-way analysis
In light of the results of the research and within its limits, the researchers reached the following conclusions:
1- Superiority of the two experimental groups that studied the competitive learning teams method for the homogeneous and heterogeneous groups on the controlling  group  that studied according to the normal method of post-skillful achievement and for the two experimental groups of some basketball skills.
2- The experimental groups were effective in the skillful achievement for some basketball skills and did not show a difference between the two experimental groups,
The researchers recommended a recommendation that is :
1- Emphasize en using the style of competitive science teams with homogeneous and heterogeneous groups in teaching basketball in the first year students .
The researchers suggested a proposal that is :
1- Necessity to introduce competition at the end of the educational unit because, it has a positive impact on the achievement of the skill of basketball for the students of the first year students .

        The research aims to reveal the following :
- preparing a training program for muscular strength of bodybuilders by the use of free weights and modern weight equipment training  .
- Effectiveness of training of strength by the use of free weights  on muscular strength aspects (maximum strength and strength durability) of arms , arms and chest ,back feet, and abdomen muscles endurance, and measurements and body components of bodybuilders between pre and post-tests of the first experimental group.
- Finding the effectiveness of training of strength by the use of modern weight machines on muscular strength aspects (maximum strength and strength durability) of arms , arms and chest, feet ,back and abdomen muscles endurance, measurements and body components of bodybuilders between pre and post tests of the second experimental group.
- Significance of differences between pre and post tests for the first and second groups on muscular strength aspects (maximum strength and strength durability) of arms , arms and chest, feet ,back and abdomen muscles endurance, measurements and body components of bodybuilders.
        The researchers used experimental approach as a suitable one for the research . The  study was conducted on (50) players of body.A sample of 20 subjects was selected intentionally after primary tests and conducting some body measurements . The sample was divided randomly into two experimental groups (each of 10 subjects) controlling each other. The first experimental group executes the training program of free weights, the second  experimental group executes the same  training program but with the use of modern training weight machines .Consistency ,objectivity and verification factors have been conducted for the tests used in the research .Then, homogeneity of test sample and equivalence between the two groups of the research are  done in the variable of (length, mass, time age and training age ) maximum strength (for arms muscles , arms and chest muscles ,back muscles ,legs muscles and abdomen muscles ).
        Experimental design of two groups that control each other has been used  . Pre-tests for two groups have been conducted and then the adopted training program has been executed in the research. The first group executed the training program using free weights where as the second one executed it using modern weight machines .
        The procedure of the research included designing a training program and offering it to specialists .It also, included conducting a questionnaire and determining frequencies and amounts of weights as well as periods of rest . Pre-tests were also conducted for physical variations ( maximum strength and strength durability ,measurements , body components represented by    perimeter ,skin curve thickness ,body density and percentage of fats , fat weight , and weight without fat and body mass).Then , the training program was executed, The training program took 9 weeks including 3 intermediate courses with 4 training sessions per week and a load of (1:2) in each intermediate session . Post-test then conducted after the execution of the program to calculate the differences between the two tests for each group separately, and comparing them in physical tests by using the same procedures adopted in tests and pre-tests.
The researchers reached the following conclusions :
-            The training programs of free weights and modern weight machines made a positive development in muscular strength aspects (maximum strength and strength durability) of arms, arms and chest, feet ,back and abdomen muscle.
The researchers recommened the following:
- Training by using free weights is recommended for those who want to get muscular hugeness.
 

community contains members of the administrative bodies and coaches of the clubs in the Iraqi Premier League for football and referees and the total number is (152).
 
The research procedures were implemented on them as a sample of the construction and some of them for application as well as the exploratory experiment, They were selected in a deliberate manner for the clubs and the overall quota for the referees. The construction sample reached (104) individuals representing (74.28%) of the sample of the presumed construction were randomly chosen, as for the sample of the application, it reached (48) individuals representing (80%) of the sample of the supposed application. They were chosen randomly, to achieve the research objectives, the researcher constructed a scale of the causes of the riot in the sports stadiums  from the administrators, referees , and coaches point of view in the Iraqi football Premier League. The scale consists of (49) paragraphs distributed over (8) dimensions, and the researcher used statistical means (spss) to obtain (the percentage, mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson) and (T) tests for independent samples) The most prominent results were the construction of a measure of the causes of the riot in sports stadiums from the administrators, coaches and referees point of view of the Iraqi football Premier League.
 

The research aims to discover the following:
- The Effectiveness of the training curriculum using conditional training in a number of basic skills of youth players handball.
- Differences in the number of basic skills between the experimental and control groups in the post-test.
 
  -  The experiment was used on a sample of the youth players of Al-Fatwa Sports Club in handball. They were chosen in a random way and divided randomly into two groups (experimental and control) and (10) players per group, The research included the design of a proposed training curriculum using conditional exercises applied to the experimental group, as well as conducting a number of exploratory experiments to determine the exercises used as well as the appropriate stress, as well as the appropriate repetitions and rest times for these exercises, and then the tribal technical tests were carried out, The experimental group carried out the exercise exercises using conditional exercises, while the control group carried out the curriculum prepared by the team coach. The experiment took 8 weeks during two intermediate sessions with 4 junior courses, Ripple movement load (3: 1), (3) training units per week, and then the researchers carried out the technical tests of the procedures and the same steps followed in the tribal tests. The researchers used the following statistical methods: (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, (T) for independent samples),
 
               The researchers reached the following conclusions:
- The proposed training curriculum using conditional training has led to the development of a number of basic skills by comparing the results of the tribal and remote tests of the experimental group.
- The curriculum prepared by the trainer led to the development of skill (scoring) by comparing the results of tribal and remote tests of the control group.
- The experimental group, which used the proposed training curriculum using conditional training, achieved a better development than the control group which used the curriculum prepared by the trainer in a number of basic skills in the research by comparing the results of the remote tests between the experimental and control groups.
 
 

The research aims to uncover the following:
1-The impact of the curriculum using the immediate feedback in learning the skills of numbers and the transmission from the bottom volleyball
2-Differences in the remote selection between the two groups in the study of skills of numbers and the transmission from the bottom volleyball.
 
The researcher's hypothesis is:
1-There are significant differences between the tribal and remote choices    of the impact of the curriculum using the immediate feedback in  learning the skills of numbers and the transmission from the bottom volleyball, and for the benefit of the post-test                                                           
2-There are significant differences in the post-test between the two groups in the study of skills of numbers and messages from the  bottom volleyball, and for the benefit of the experimental group
        The researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research. The sample consisted of (36) beginners in the school of Akad Sport club in Erbil governorate for the season (2017 – 2018).
       The sample was divided into two equal groups in the number, with 18 players per group, one of them controlling and the other experimental. The two groups of research in age, length, and mass were homogenized.
 
       The researcher relied on personal interview, questionnaire, tests, standards and technical performance assessment form as tools and means to collect information to reach the research objectives. The curriculum was developed using the immediate feedback implemented by the experimental group and the educational program adopted by the club implemented by the control group. (24) educational units and (12) educational units for each group distributed over (6) weeks and the reality of (2) two units of instruction per group per week and the duration of each unit (90) minutes is the original time of the training module, N the two sets of search starting on Tuesday (10/07/2018) has been completed implementation on Thursday 16/08/2018) and days (Tuesdays and Thursdays) and every week.
 
 

The current research has aimed into identifying the following:

Constructing a scale for the Positive personality traits for players disabled In Iraqi team games
Identifying the differences in the Positive personality traits for playersdisabledIn Iraqi team games.

  The researchers used the descriptive method in the survey style ,
the research community included members of the Paralympic sub-committees of the wheelchair basketball federation and , volleyball - sitting in  Iraq and their number(191) had been selected(100) Player of the search community to represent the construction sample, While the stability sample conducted on (20) players, and As for the application sample, 61 players from the research community were selected to represent the final application sample. So, the research has required using the scale of the Positive personality traits Which the researchers construct .
The researchers require d in constructing the scale of Positive personality traits, The statistical means have consisted of  mathematical mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), percentages, and t test for two independent samples  and factor analysis ., the researchers concluded the following:

The scale Positive personality traits for players disabled in Iraq f has proved to be very effective by constructing .it with precise scientific specifications.

 2 .The players  disabledin  some Iraqi of the games team in generally have higher scores than the  hypothesis average in the positive character traits scale.
the researchers had recommended the following:

Emphasis on using the scale for the Positive personality traits for disability players In some Iraqi team games.,
Emphasis on creating psychological Factors that helps in developing the positive features for disability players In some Iraqi team games.

 

The goal of the research is to identify the role of school administrators in supervising some school sports activities from the point teachers of view of physical education in the city of Mosul by determining the level of the role of school administrators in supervising the lesson of physical education, determining the level of role of school administrators in  supervising the teacher of physical education. The level of role of school administrators in supervising sports students, determining the level of role of school principals in supervising school sports teams and determining the level of role of school principals in supervising school sports capabilities.
 
The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey style which suits the nature of the resrearch.The research community consists of (136) teachers of physical education working in intermediate , intermediate and secondary schools in Mosul. The sample consisted of (51) teachers of physical education working in intermediate and secandary schools in the city of Mosul. In statistical treatments, frequency and percentage were used.
 
The researcher found that the intermediate and secondary schools administrators have a moderate level in the exercise of their supervisory roles in the school sports activity in general, as well as in all of their interlocutors. The administrators of the intermediate and secondary schools distinguished the supervisory practices by refusing to give the sports education quota to compensate for the other materials. Besides admitting to the officials, the directors allow the teacher of sports education to participate in sports courses and conferences, and managers pay great attention to raising the morale of the school administrators sports teams in order to win the and the lack of interest of intermediate and secondary school administrators in sports supervisory practices in allocating some time to the teacher of physical education in the school radio to talk about the sports teams and their achievements and not to provide material support to the teacher of physical education.
 
 There is no periodic medical examination and fitness test for school sports teams. Periodic meetings with the parents of the students participating in the school sports teams, and the failure to hold seminars for the students in order to create motives and trends towards the exercise of sports activities, and do not make recreational trips to the participating teams There is no provision of snacks for students during training, the lack of educational and explanatory means in the field of physical education, the non-use of school playgrounds by other schools, and the lack of provision of sports clothing for school teams.
 
 

The research aims to detect:
1-The impact of using individual style in the psychological direction of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences \ Faculty of Education for Girls.
2-The use of the individual style in learning the skills of short and long transmitter transmission of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences \ Faculty of Education for Girls.
 
The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research. The sample included (24) students, 12 students for the first experimental group, which studied according to the individual method, and 12 students for the control group studied according to the method followed by the teacher.
Parity between the two groups was determined in a number of variables (length, age, weight,and certain elements of fitness and motor)).
 
An educational curriculum was developed for the short and long-distance transmission skills of the plane feather for two weeks for each skill and by a weekly learning unit for both the experimental groups used (the individual style) and the control used (the method followed by the eacher). )The duration of each educational unit was 90 minutes. After the completion of the program, the post-test was conducted for the psychological direction scale.
 
     The researchers used the following statistical means:
Arithmetic mean, standard deviation andT.test). The data was processed using a (spss) program,In light of the results of the research and within its limits.
the researchers reached the following conclusions:
1-The experimental group in the post tests over the pre- tests in the measure of psychological direction.
2-The experimental group in the post tests over the pre- tests in the test of the skills of short-legged transmission and long-distance transmission of feather.
3-The experimental group exceeds the control group in the post-test in the psychological trend scale.
4-The experimental group is superior to the control group in the post-test for the test of the short-legged transmission and long-distance transmission of feather .
 
The recommendations were as follows:
1-use the measure of the psychological direction scale of its effectiveness in badminton
2-Emphasize the use of the individual method of effectiveness in the process of learning the skill of transmission short and long legs with a feather.
 

The aim of this research is to classify middle school futsal player in terms of number of basic skills and endurance training according to cluster analysis. The descriptive approach with Correlational  methods has used , the sample consists of  (95) players who represent (10) schools and participate on middle school league of futsal in Mosul for the academic year  2017-2018, the research method represented by testing a number of basic skills (passing, dribbling suppressions and shooting) in addition to endurance training, the two researchers use arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, percentage as well as cluster analysis as statistical means. The study concludes that cluster analysis of all middle school futsal players shows two categories with different arithmetic mean which are basic skills and endurance training. And the basic skills and endurance training shows significant variation between the two categories of classification in all basic skills and endurance training.
 

 
The problem of this study is to compare the accuracy of lunge between an auditory stimulus using the traditional stand and a visual stimulus using an electronic stand (FAVERO). The study aimed at being acquainted with the accuracy of the lunge using both the traditional and electronic stands and the differences between them for foil players. The sample of the study included 30 participants selected from the senior fencers of foil weapon of clubs of the Kurdistan Region. The study showed an average accuracy of the lung with traditional stand test of (9.03) and a standard deviation of (±0.66). Whereas in the electronic test they were (6.13) and (± 0.73) with a significant difference at a probability level of (0.002) in the accuracy of the lunge for the sake of traditional stand. The study recommended considering the use of visual stimuli at the levels of training, measurement and scientific research being the closest to the reality of competition in the game of fencing.
 
 

 
The aims of the study are :
1-      Knowing the difference in moter- satisfaction between male and female in primary Teaching stage age (11- 12) years.
2-      Knowing the differences in some Physical and motor abilitiesbetween male and female in primary Teaching stage age (11-12) year.
-          The researcher has used the descriptive study with comparalive style, Sample of study consisted (of (26)) from males and females, they represented the primary Al-Sanaded school for males and females age (11- 12) years, choicer randomly from research society in the left side of Mousl city.
-          The researchers has used the (motor-satisfiction tunner scale and some Physical motor abilities) as a tools of research. Data a statistically treated by using (Arithmatic mean, standard deviation, percentage, SPSS. Test of unrelafed and equal intakos.
-          The researcher has attained the following:
 
 

             
This Study aims to identify the trends of students in physical education faculty at University college of Applied Sciences in Gaza towards working in the fields of teaching and management. The study sample consisted of (71) students from the first and second levels who have been selected by random sample. The researcher used the descriptive approach. The most important result is that there is a positive trend in the sample of the study towards the career of teaching and sport management, with a ratio scale (73.8%) towards the career of sport management and (807%) towards the career of teaching. Also, there is no  statistically significant difference in the questionnaire of the trends of students in physical education faculty trends towards working in teaching and sport management  in all its fields and its total degree according to the sample members' study level.
           The main recommendations are:
-          Facilitating top students joining the physical education faculty at Al-Aqsa university to develop themselves professionally.
-          Developing the department to offer Bachelor degree instead of diploma.