Al-Rafidain Journal for Sports Sciences (RJSS)

The idea of research deals with a training Method includes tactical attack stand on the basis of two method training(Repetition and high intensity Interval) to develop  the anaerobic Capacity and Some Physical featuresfor Futsal Players.
The research aims to ravels the following:
1- Affect of tactical attack in some Physical features and anaerobic Capacity for the two experimental group first and second.
2- significance of statistical differences between the two experimental group in some Physical features and anaerobic Capacity in the post – tests.
The researchers were putting the following Hypothesis To verify Aims of research:
1- There were significance differences between the pre- and post- tests for the two experimental group first and second, and for the benefit of post test in some Physical features and anaerobic Capacity.
2- There were significance differences in the post tests between two experimental group in Some Physical features and anaerobic Capacity.
It has been used an experiment method because its suitability for the research, the training method have executed on sample from players of Nineveh sporty club for futsal(class of applicant in age) and the numbers(19 players) and they have been elected in intentional  way and divided randomly into experimental group, consist(8 players) for each group, after excluded(3 players) for goalkeeper.
Homogeneity and equivalence have achieved between the two groups in the variables(age, length, weight, anaerobic Capacity, and Some Physical features) which have marked by experts and specialists.
Researcher procedures involves make tactical attacks to put in the training method and by two training methods (repetition and high intensity Interval), the researchers controls through(volume), that by increase the number of repetition, also doing many of survey tests to avoid obstacles and clarify things, the pre physical, and anaerobic Capacity tests had done before the training method, Then started to execute this method on Sunday(22/9/2013) and finished Thursday (14/11/2013) then, the post physical, and anaerobic Capacity tests had done by the same procedures which followed in pre - tests.
The researchers reached important Conclusion:
- The tactical attack for both training method(repetition and high intensity Interval) produced significance development in anaerobic Capacity and all Physical features(flexibility, horizontal explosive strength of legs, agility, maximum speed velocity, strength that is characterized by speed for legs, and speed endurance), compare with results of the pre - post tests for the post-test.
- There was no significance differences between results of the two groups in compare with results of post-test, but there were differences in the mean for the benefit of both groups but in different changes between variables.

The study shows the role of physiological variables, which be developed as training adaptation to training program or what is called the internal load adaptation to outer load, and quantifies in the training adaptation and recovery rate after sport achievement using anaerobic training program that aims at developing the speed endurance of sprint runners.
The study aims to show the followings:
1- Significant differences between the pre and post tests of the functional variables directly after anaerobic exercise and recovery.
The researchers used the experimental method via the experimental design of pre and post test. The research Sample included (6) male athlete of short distance runners whom they were represent Nineveh athletic team for track and field. The sample was intentionally chosen. Tests, measurements, technical devices and scientific references were used as data collection methods and means. For statistical treatments, the researcher used Mean, Standard Deviation, t. Test. changes% ratio.
Conclusions:
1- The training program resulted in an increase in the systolic blood pressure and decrease in the diastolic blood pressure between the pre and post immediately after the anaerobic effort for the favor of post test.
2- The training program resulted in an increase in the (VE, VO2, EE) between the pre and post test immediately after the anaerobic effort for the favor of post test.
Recommendations:
1- Coaches should concentrate on training programs that aims at developing the speed endurance in preparatory and special period of training for short distance runners according to proper scientific basics, taking into consideration using the components of training load that correspond with the abilities and capabilities of athletes.
2- Despite of using low intensity interval training program for speed endurance, it was observed change in Wingate test.

The study shows the role of buffers, as adapter for training operation as a response to training program or what is called the internal load adaptation to outer load, and quantifies the age differences in training adaptation and recovery rate after sport achievement using anaerobic training program that aims at developing the speed endurance of sprint runners in similar ratios of training load variables among the subjects of study.
The study aims to show the followings:
1- Significant differences between the pre and post (tests) of the buffers indicators directly after anaerobic exercise (workout) and in recovery for both advanced and youth runners.
2- Significant differences between the two post (tests) of the buffers indicators after anaerobic exercise (workout) and in recovery for both advanced and youth runners.
The researchers used the experimental method via the experimental design of two groups with pre and post tests. The research Sample included 11 male athlete (advanced and youth) of short distance runners who represent Nineveh athletic team for track and field. The sample was intentionally chosen. Tests, measurements, technical devices and scientific references are used as data collection methods and means. For statistical treatments, the researchers used Mean, Standard Deviation, T. Test. changes%.
Conclusions:
1- The training program results in increased blood (pH) accompanied with decrease in (H+) between the pre and post test directly after the anaerobic effort and after 15-minutes of recovery phase for both advanced and youth groups for the favor of post test. as well, between the two post tests after the anaerobic effort - and after 15-minutes of recovery phase for both groups and for the favor of advanced group.
2- There was a percentage change toward the best in the level of LA, between the pre and post test immediately after the anaerobic effort and after 15-minutes of recovery phase for both advanced and youths groups.
Recommendations:
1- Coaches should concentrate on training programs that aims at developing the speed endurance in preparatory and special period of training for short distance runners according to proper scientific basics, taking into consideration using the components of training load that correspond with the abilities and capabilities of athletes.
2- Blood pH and lactic acid (lactate) should be measured at the same time to get accurate results.
3- Depending on the (H+) as indicator to fatigue more than deepen ding on (LA).
4- The relationship between acid base balance represented by blood (pH) from one side and (H+) from other side was stronger than the relation between (pH) and (LA).

The aim of the research:
- determining simple stracture factor for body measurement for gool keeper in iraq.
- determining number of measurements as index for body measurements .
- finding body composition (fat weight and weight lean weight).
- determining components of body somoto type.
The data of the research is about (57) goalkeeper they represent excellent league clups in iraq ,while the research tools represented in (21) body measurement and it is the heights , sircum ,width and skin thickness hn addition to weight .
While indirect measurements it represented by determining body composition (fat weight and weight without fat ) by squareof the height equation ,in addition to determining body somoto type by (heth - carter) method .
The following statistical means were used – mean – standared deviation – simple correlation – mode – coefficient skewenss- percentage – factor analysis by prihcipal component method – calcaulating standared errors for saturations on factors extract , and calcaulating statistical function by using (burt - banks) equation.
The researcher reaches to the most important results , as follows:
- factor analysis by using the orthogonal rotation which was done by (21) variables represents ,the physical measurements for goalkeeper soccer shows 5 factor ,4 of them were accepted according to the conditions of accepting factor .
- the factor that shown from physical measurements analysis were accepted to show the following names :
- factor of sirecomference and skin folds
- factor of width and surroundings
- factor of body heights
- factor of sirecomference and length of parties .
- it concludes group of measurements in the light of the accepted factors represents body measurements of goalkeepers of coccer in iraq ( skin fold of scapula , body height shoulder width and leg sire comference)
Standared levels were found for body index extracted from factor analysis.

The research has aimed at revealing the following :-
1- A styles skillful by using single training skills style on a number of skillful variables .
2- A styles skillful by using merged training skills style on number of skillful variables.
3- The statistically significant differences for two styles skillful between both( single and merged) training on number of skillful variables .
4- The differences in the change ratio for styles skillful between both (single and merged) training on a number of skillful variables .
The research society has been chosen intentionally and consisted of players from Ninevah football club aged ( 16-19 ) for the football season (200011-2012 ) they were (23) player . The research sample has been consisted of (18) players divided into two experimental groups in the amount of (9) players for each group . The percentage of the research sample has reach (%78 . 26 )from the total population of the research after excluding (5) players . Equivalence between the two groups of the research , for variables (the horizontal expbsive power for leg, especial power by speed of right and left foot , The endurance of speed , The endurance power of feet , maximum change speed and agility, and used the experimental design which called'' the equivalent groups for randomness choses with vigorous control and of pre post test
The main steps of the research was set a styles skillful by both the style of training skills and presented it at some of specialists to make certain modifications upon it, and to do the pilot studies ,and then the doing the skillful per tests in one day , after these the two styles skillful executed for two middle cycles and by rippling a carry movement (3:1) and by (8) little cycle, each cycles consist of three training units , so it was executed (24) training unit through experimental research . The skillful post tests has been done by the same methods which taken in doing the per tests and to conclude the findings , tool were the following statistical used (arithmetic mean, stander deviation t Test for independent samples , percentage , the change percentage ).
The researcher reached several conclusions and recommendations , the most important conclusions were the following :-
1- Both styles in training skills (single and merged ) achieves significant development in all skillful styles at comparison the findings of per tests and for the benefit of the post but.
2- There was no differences in the skillful styles except the endurance of leg when compare the results of tests by both styles in training skills ( single and merged ). Cause the merged training styles an significant development in the type of endurance of the leg.

The research aims to:
-  Standardizing measure of the five major factors in personality.
-      Identify the five major factors in personality for the northern region football players in terms of hypothetic mean for each one of the five factors.
-      Identify the psychological toughness for northern region players, and that in terms of the hypothetic mean of scale.
-  Identify the relationship between the five major factors in personality and psychological toughness of football players of northern region.
      The researcher used the descriptive approach to its relevance of the nature of the research, and the research population consisted of football players of first and second division clubs in the northern region of Iraq (Nineveh Alamall, Al-Mustakbal Al-Mushriq, Mosul, Akra, Salah Al-Din, Futuwa, Tuz, Balad, Sulaymaniyah) totaling (154) player. The research procedure was implemented on them as a sample of standard and a part of them for the application as well as Pilot study, and were chosen randomly (lottery) and the sample of construction has reached (106) player representing the percentage (55.20%) of the research population, as for the application sample has been selected randomly (lottery), and reached a (38) players representing the percentage (19.79%) of the research population. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher codifying the scale of the five major factors in personality according to the scientific foundations for the construction of psychometric. The scale consists of 45 items distributed on five areas, as well as the use of psychological toughness scale prepared by (Abada and Abdulwahab, 2005) and the scale consists of 47 items distributed on three areas. The researcher used the statistical bags (SPSS) and (SAS) to obtain (percent, mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, t-test for Independent samples and hypothetic mean). The main results were Standardizing measure the five major factors in personality for football players, as well as the presence of negative correlation between the trait (neuroticism) with psychological toughness and positive correlation between personality factors (extraversion, openness, harmony, awakening the conscience) with psychological toughness among the members of the research sample in terms of the correlation matrix.
 

The research aims at revealing the following:
1- Finding the transition of the effect of alternate learning on learning the technical performance between some of the standing grips and sitting grips in Romanian Wrestling.
2- Finding the differences on percent of the transition of the effect of alternate learning on learning the technical performance between some of the standing grips and sitting grips in Romanian Wrestling inside groups.
3- Finding the differences on Retention on the transition of the effect of alternate learning on learning the technical performance between the standing grips and sitting grips in Romanian Wrestling.
The researchers has applied the experimental methodology for its convenience with the nature of the research. Research's population have consisted from the third stage students in the college of sport education –university of Mosul for the year (2013-2014) in number (165)students (male and female) distribution at eight classes study. Sample of research consisted from two classes randomly chosen its (B,H), they divided into two experimental groups from each class study, each group has consisted of (12) students with the category of (66)kg.
The first group has used learning standing skills than learning sitting skills, and the second group has used learning sitting skills than standing skills. Equivalence between the two groups was verified regarding the variables of (age, height, mass, as well as certain elements of Motor and physical fitness).
The learning program has applied for (12) weeks, one teaching unit a week, with average of (90) minutes per each teaching unit. The researchers has used the (questionnaire, measure and test, scientific observation)for collecting data.
The researchers has adopted the following statistical means (Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, T-test for two equal unrelated arithmetic means), as well as the transition equations of the effect of learning.
The researchers has concluded the following:
1- There are no preferred between the first experimental group(learning standing grips than sitting), and the second experimental group (learning sitting grips than standing) in technical performance for Romanian Wrestling grips.
2- There are no preferred on the transfer of the effect of alternate learning inside the first experiment group and the second experimental group on technical performance for Romanian Wrestling grips.
3- The first experimental group exceeded the second experimental group on absolute. Retention in technical performance for Romanian Wrestling grips, and for the benefit of the first experimental group.
The researchers has recommended the following:
1- Adopting on learning similar motor skills from standing position or from sitting position through learning period in Romanian Wrestling grips.
2- Doing similar researchers to measure percent Retention and saving in some Romanian Wrestling.

The research aims at :
- Construction of Endurance close shootingwith rolling Test For Youth Handball Players Of The Northern Region.
     The scopes of the research included the following:
- Human scope: youth handball players of northern region.
- spatial scope: from 2/1/2013-16/4/2013 .
- place scope: Indoors of handball clubs of the northern region.
     The researcher used descriptive method with survey style for it^'s convenience to the nature of this research .
     Youth handball players of the clubs of the northern region were representing the society of this research whom they were (75) players, while the construction sample was consisted of (60) players which represent (80%) from the whole society of the research ,The researcher used questionnaire, test and content analysis as a tool of collecting data.
    The following statistical tools were used by the researcher: mean ,standard deviation ,simple correlation coefficient(person) standard score ,t-Test  for independent samples ,coefficient of skwenss and six sigma (score) .
   The researcher concluded that researcher got to constructed of Endurance close shootingwith rolling Test For Youth Handball Players Of The Northern Region.
   The researcher recommended to depend on the constructed test by coaches when assessing the level of their players performance on compound skill test.   
 

The research aims to identify the percentage of change in the members of the Administrative members of sports clubs and federations in election cession in the governorate of Dohuk. descriptive approach has been used with survey style, which is based on the description and analysis for its suitability to the nature of the research. The research community is determined by a comprehensive inventory of the presidents and members of federations and clubs in Dohuk governorate. (134) members for each electoral cycle and distributed to (28) federations and (6) clubs so the total society (268) members. Content analysis and personal interview were used as mean to collection, percentage was also used to collect data analysis' The most important conclusions reached by the researchers was that more unions Sports clubs did not include the policy of change in the first and second elections, and the lack of access to the concepts of the philosophy of change to the roots of the culture of federations and

sports clubs in the province of Dohuk. The researchers recommended the need to adopt the philosophy of change as an active behavioral stage focused on the action and behavior and movement in the federations and sports clubs in the governorate of Dohuk.

The importance of this research liesin determining the most proprioception's aspects and anthropometric measurements which differentiate the various levels of classified fencers at the three fencing weapons, Foil, Epee and sabre.
The sample included 36 fencers which they had the first and final sex positions for the three weapons in the Iraqi states competition of the fencing. The proprioception tests included the measurements of strength, time and distance sensations. The anthropometric measurements included width of the shoulders, width and circumference of the hips, length and circumference of the thigh, length and circumference of the lower arm and length of the arm.
Having the stability coefficient, the main experiment was applied and the data were processed statistically by using the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, two independent "t" test and percentage.
The results found there were no significant differences in proprioception and anthropometric measurements between the superiors and non superiors for the three fencing weapon.
So, the research included that the proprioception and anthropometric measurements could not differentiate between the superiors and non superiors for the three fencing weapon. Finally the research offered certain recommendations which are proper to the results.

This research aims at recognizing :
 . The values of the explosive force of the legs for the research sample  -
  - The values of some kinematical variables in the activity of the  triple jump in the pushing position of the jumping stages ( hop, step and jump) for the individuals of the research sample .
- The relationship between some kinematical variables in the activity of the triple jump in the pushing position of the jumping stages ( hop, step and jump) with the explosive force of the legs for the individuals of the research sample .
 The research sample included four racers selected intentionally who represent the jumping champions in technique and achievement from all stages of the college of sport education / university of Mosul in the activity of the triple jump ( semester 2012-2013) . The data were collected via the video filming by using a camera ( its speed is 25 pictures/second ). Then, the film was transformed to a CD after segmenting the movement required to be analyzed from the film by adopting the program (Heroo Soft 2001) . Next, the researcher analyzed by using (Auto Cad 2010) . The researcher used the program (Acd See 2011) to display the images. To obtain the values and the research results ,  The researcher  used the following statistical processes ( arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variance, and the simple correlation coefficient) by using SPSS program.
The researcher has concluded the following :
1. The research results showed the extent of importance of ankle angle of the raising leg and the knee angle of the free leg in determining the height and lowness  of  the centre of gravity of the body mass in addition to the angle of the trunk , the knee angle of the raising leg, and the angle of the free leg in the pushing position at the (hop, step, and jump) stage .
2.Preserving in generating the explosive force of the legs improved the angle of arising and the flight angle which are considered the most important variable among the research variables to achieve the best achievement in hop, step, and jump in the triple jumping activity.
3.The raising angle had a great important effect in determining the flight angle in the pushing position of the various jumping stages in the activity of the triple jump to pass the greatest possible distance in hop, step and jump for the sample.
4.The variable of the centre of gravity of the body mass and the radius has the effective role in determining the value of the angular velocity , the peripheral body speed in the pushing position for each of (hop, step and jump) that depended on the amount of the explosive force values for the legs in determining its positive values in the triple jump for the research sample.

The researcher aims to :
1. Construction scale for the elements of sport education program from the point of view of sport education students at the university of Mosul.
2. Assessment the elements of sport education program from the point of view of the students of sport education .
3. Recognition of thinking and learning pattern that correlated to halfs  brain for the students of sport education .
4. Recognition of the correlation relation between the destination of the students for the elements of sport education method and thinking and the learning pattern that correlated to their brain halves .
The researcher used the description method in two manner (survey and correlated )and their convenient and the nature of this search.
  The society of the research from the students of sport education at the university of Mosul at study year (2012-2013)  whom they were (723) student divided in to four stages of learning , where the research sample consisted of (600) student from collage of sport education whom they were  chosen in random manner in (83 %) in every stages . To realization the goals of the research , the researcher prepared scale to evaluate the elements of sport education program from the point of view of the students , the measurement consisted of seven elements of the program elements.
The number of items of the scale were (175) distributed  in to seven elements , also the scale was of fivefold alternative ( very agree ,agree, slightly agree ,  not agree, never agree ) . there was no right or wrong answer . the right answer was the answer that reflect  the opinion of the student.
In order to have scale that characterized by high power for the evaluation the elements of sport education program , statistical analysis for the items of the measurement was done , for the same reason the scale was applied in its priority form in statistical analysis sample who was (500) student from the collage of sport education at the university of Mosul at study year (2012-2013) and after correction the answer of the students , the data was analyzed by the method of pulling out the coefficient of discriminatory force and the coefficient of the degree of  every items to the total degree of element kind and the coefficient of correlation of the degree of every item with the total degree of the scale .
So the scale settled to (156) items divided to seven element , also the researcher used the diagnostic scale of the learning and thinking pattern that correlated to brain halves  which prepared by him, which consisted of (86) items , every items has  three alternative.
The researcher used the statistical tools (mean , standard deviation , t test for two independent sample , t test  for one sample ,Sperman  Brown equation , assumption mean equation , simple correlated equation , percentage equation .
Statistical analysis (spss) was used to analyzed  the data of this research and the research found that the students of the college of sport education have good ability to evaluate the elements of sport education program , also there was positive relation between the thinking pattern that correlated to the left half of the brain and the students ability to evaluate the elements of the program

 
The subject of the research focuses on identifying the differences between the three attempts to test the viability of VC and the contribution of age ratios, and some anthropometric measurements in the best bioenergy test. It also aims to adjust a regression model to predict the biological capacitance in relation to age and some anthropometric variables. The researcher hypothesizes that there are no significant differences between the three tests of the vital capacity, and that the coefficients of the regression model for linear regression equation in the biomass test are not different from zero, ie، they are insignificant. The researcher uses the descriptive approach because it suits the nature of the research. The 24-subject sample has not been randomly selected. The selection crieterai include good health and 22-25 year age range. The test sample includes subjects who are not members of sports clubs or sports halls. The subjects of the research sample are tested according to age, mass, and height variables. The statistical treatments of data applied by the researcher included the mean، standard deviation، torsion
 
coefficient، t-test of two paired samples, pearson correlation coefficient، and multiple linear regression. Having discussed the results، the researcher concludes that in the dynamic capacity variable there is a significant difference between the first test and the second test. While between the second and third tests there is no significant difference. The anthropometric variable of length is uniquely useful in representing the relationship with the biomagnetic variable. Finally, the value of the biomass test in terms of height can be predicted.