Al-Rafidain Journal for Sports Sciences (RJSS)

This research aims at Constructing a scale for the requirements of the administrative monitoring for the members of the board of directors of the clubs participating in the Iraqi elite tournament in football. Six dimensions were identified for the scale and that was in accordance with the most of the researchers and writers agreed upon. The items of the scale were identified by conducting content analysis for these dimensions and also by conducting an open questionnaire and the forms were distributed to a group of members of the administrative board to make use of them in formulating the items. And after formulating the items for the scale in its early form, the vace validity of the scale was verified by submitting it to a group of experts and arbitrators to judge its dimensions and items. After that, the researchers conducted a pilot study for a group of members to make sure that the scale is clear and understood. Then, the validity of construction was identified by calculating the discrimination strength of items, as this strength of discrimination of each items is found by the use of the two contrast groups. And the second method will be by means of finding the correlation strength amongst the items to measure the characteristic called the internal consistencyt or the validity of the items. Then statistical operations were conducted using (SPSS) statistical program. The reliability of the scale was verified using the split-half method by means of Pearson correlation coefficient between the two halves of the test. The reliability of the scale was obtained as a whole by using Getmann equation and by means of Spearman Brown's equation. Furthermore, verifying the scale reliability was done using Alpha Cronbach equation. The sample of the study consisted of (160) members of the administrative board participating in the Iraqi elite tournament of football including (107) for constructing the scale, (45) for application and (8) members were for the pilot study. The most prominent findings of the research was reaching a special scale for the requirements of the administrative monitoring of the sport clubs that can be depended on and recommending to use it as it has scientific characteristics and properties.

This research aims to identifying the anthropometric measurements of young boxers aging between 14 – 16 years. The research sample consisted of (72) players representing national teams and some others from different provinces aging between 14 – 16 . 13 anthropometric measurements have been applied on these players in addition to weight measurement by using the method of factor analysis. The researcher concluded the analysis of the correlation matrix of anthropometric variable after oblique rotation. In the light of the terms of this factor, the first and the second factors has been accepted and explained clearly. These factors labeled (length factor) as for the first one and (the length of the lower body part factor) as for the second one.
The first factor (Body circumference) : upper arm contracted circumference, upper arm circumference, wrist circumference, thigh circumference, west circumference, length trunk, chest circumference, calf circumference, body length and fist circumference.
The second factor (lengthes): lower body length, body length, hand length, fist circumference, calf circumference, head circumference, west circumference and, chest circumference
The researchers recommended the following:
• The use of extracted anthropometric measurements in the selection of the young boxers.
• to apply the research once more on various other ages and for both genders.
• To conduct researches concerning the physical skillful, anatomical and mental sides to choose the young boxers.

The research aims at revealing the effect of using Marzano’s model of learning dimensions in the academic achievement in physical education teaching methods for the third stage studentsThe researchers have hypothesized the absence of significant differences between the mean of the experimental group students taught according to Marzano’s model of learning dimensions and the mean of the control group taught according to the common method in the post-test of the academic achievement in physical education teaching methods subjectfor third stage students.
The researchrs community includes third year students –college of physical education – Mosul university representing (158) students. While the number of the research sample is (70) students. The researchers have adopted the experimental methodology for its convenience to the nature of the research as well as the experimental design of the equivalent groups with post-test. The students have been divided randomly into two groups : The control and the experimental groups. The experimental group has been studied according to Marzano’s model of learning dimensions. While the control group has been studied according to the common method of the teacher. The equivalence of both groups has been achieved in the variables ( chronological age, Raven intelligence test, academic achievement for parents and students, student’s order in the family and initial information test ) in the subject of physical education teaching methods
The researchers have prepared a teaching approach to teach the experimental group according to Marzano’s model. In addition, they have prepared teaching plans according to this model. The researchers have also prepared a learning teaching means according to Marzano’s model by using data show instrument. The researchers have also prepared a achievement diverse test consisted of (66) items type (article, subjective ) according to the scientific procedures of constructing cognitive tests . The experiment has lasted (11) weeks within which the students have received (11) educational units at an average (a unit per a week) in a time (90) minutes.
The researchers have used the following statistical means (the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, chi square test, t-test and Cronbach alpha equation ) using the statistical bages (SPSS).
The researchers have concluded the following :
1. The effectiveness of Marzano’s model on the achievements of the third stage students in teaching methods subject.
2. The effectiveness of the teaching approach and the educational activities and the educational / learning means on the achievements of the third stage students in physical education teaching methods subject.
In the light of the research results , the researchers have recommended the following :
1. Adopting Marzano’s model of learning dimensions in teaching physical education concepts.
2. Paying attention to high thinking levels in teaching physical education teaching methods and avoiding as possible what is called learning for the sake of the examination

The research aims to: -
1. constructing a measure of the quality of working life in the sub Iraqi sports federations of basketball from the perspective of administrative, training and refereeing staffs.
2. Identify the level of the dimensions of the quality of working life in the sub Iraqi sports federations of basketball from the perspective of administrative, training and refereeing staffs.
Descriptive approach with survey style was used. Both construction and application samples included (102.48) members, of the administrative, training and refereeing staffs, representing (18) a sub-union basketball in all governorates of Iraq. For the data has been building a measure of the quality of working life and after the availability of its application. Conditions in which scientific, statistical data have been addressed through the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and simple correlation (t-Test) and Quitman equation and alpha Cornbrash coefficient. The researchers concluded The fallowing :
1. Achieving a scale for work life quality in sub-Iraqi athletic unions of basketball after fulfilling scientific conditions.
2.Administrative, training and arbitrational staffs in sub-Iraqi athletic unions of basketball live in positive levels of quality of work life and most dimensions are from ( medium- To high ) .
3.In fervor of allowances, in centimes and bonuses which is produced from sub- Iraqi athletic unions of basketball workers arbitrary .
They recommended a number of recommendations including:
1. Adopting the scale prepared by the researcher in measuring work life quality in sport clubs, youth forums, central and sub-Iraqi athletic clubs in the remaining games after adapting it according to their work requirements.
2. The administrations of the sub-Iraqi athletic unions of basketball should improve that they were responsible for ensuring the different aspects of work life quality and continually it for the whole staffs working within as it has positive remarks varies between environmental, organizational, personal .
3. The necessity for designing a system for allowances, incentives and bonuses based on objective foundations followed by determined of time to receipts these fees to this system which can meet the material and the immaterial needs of the referees whom work in sub-Iraqi athletic unions of basketball.

Some kinematic variables and some anthropometric measurements affect the performance of human movements in general and motor performance and skills in the field of sports.
The study problem is stated by the analysis of some kinematic variables and Their relationship with some anthropometric measurements in the penalty shot in water polo sport.
The study aimed to identify the following :
1 – Determining the values of some kinematic variables in the penalty shot in water polo.
2 – Determining values of some anthropometric measurements in the penalty shot in water polo.
3–Determining the relationship of some kinematic variables of anthropometric measurements in the penalty shot in water polo.
The study sample consisted of (7) players from the Iraqi youth national water polo team. The study was performed in the indoor Kadhimiya swimming pool in Baghdad in (2012). The researchers used the AL accuracy shot test in water polo with scientific observation by using a digital camera with a speed of 250 frames/second. The researchers processed data statistically using the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variance, and simple correlation coefficient. From the results, the researchers found a number of conclusions and the researchers recommended a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The aim of the study was to explore the differences between the groups they have used different weights sorts and the groups they have used equal weights sorts between the three sensory preferences (Visual, Auditory, Touchable) on learning performance in some free wrestling handles. Sample of study was consisted from three classes from third stage in the college of sport education, University of Mosul for the year 2011-2012, they were randomly choosen. We depended on the sensory preferences inventory to choose the three research groups, the inventory was consisted of (21) item, with high validity and reliability coefficients.
Sample of study was divided according to each sense preference into two experimental groups in order to be six experimental groups, includes three learning programs three experimental groups practices with different weight sorts and three experimental groups practice with equal weights categories, each groups consisted of (4) students, so the total numbers of the sample was (24) students.
Equivalence and homogeneous was done between the six groups, the researchers were used test measurement, interview, and questionnaire as a tools to collect data, also we used the following statistical means such as (Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, Multiple correlation coefficient, t. Test for two uncorrelated means equal group and K-R21 coefficient ).
The researchers have attained that the experimental groups (Visual, Auditory, Touchable) practice with different weight categories was obtained better learning than the experimental groups (Visual, Auditory, Touchable) practice with equal weight categories for the five free wrestling handles in the learning program.
Finally the researchers has recommended that its important to use the prefer sensory preference for the students with different weight categories in preparing learning programs in learning technical performance in free wrestling handles.

The research aims at recognizing the athletic fears for the 1st-year students of college of physical education . The research has been performed on a sample of 1st. year students/college of physical education as (50) students (of both sexes) who are randomly selected to represent (23%) of the study community. The following statistical means have been used (percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, assumptive mean, simple correlation coefficient, and Alpha Cronbach coefficient) in analyzing the data statistically .
The researchers have concluded the following :
- There are fear axis of losing social support as the most significant athletic fears suffered by the 1st.-year students / college of physical education.
- The presence of the other fears axes in moderate and natural form.
The researchers have recommended the following :
- The necessity of paying attention to the principle of social support for the students by the lecturers, families and colleagues to encourage them to skilful performing in a better way and avoiding any fears.
- Concentrating on the other fears that may the students suffer from during the practical lessons and working to reduce the fears to the lowest level via using athletic psychological guidance and direction.

The aims of research are as follow:
1. The effect of using learning program according to the schedule changing of practice (distribute- massed) in learning some motor skills on floor movements mattress in Gymnastic.
2. The differences in post tests between experimental and control groups in learning some motor skills on floor movements mattress in gymnastics .
- The researchers have used the experimented method to suit the nature of the study, The sample of the study consisted of (12) students from second stage in the college of sport education – Dohuk university for the year (2011-2012) deliberately selected and randomly divide into two groups (experimental and control) , (6) students for each group. Equivalence and homogeneous was made between two groups in variables such as(Age, Height , Mass, some physical and motor elements ,and some motor skills on the mattress of floor movements).The researcher have used(personal interview, questionnaire , measurement and test, and scientific observation) as means for collecting data. Also , the researchers is used the Arithmetic mean , standard deviation, coefficient of varience, percentage, T.test for two correlated and uncorrelated means equal in number, to treat the datd statistically.
The researchers concluded the following;-
1.The two learning programs for the experimental group and control group have a positive impacts in developing the whole motor skills on floor movements in gymnastics.
2.The experimental group which used proposed program was better than the control group in developing the motor skills on the mattress of floor movements in gymnastics.

The research aims at revealing the effect of using Marzano’s model of learning dimensions in modulating learning and thinking patterns for 3rd stage students in the college of physical education . The researchers have hypothesized a presence of significant differences in Post-test between the mean of the experimental group students’ degrees taught on Marzano’s model of learning dimensions and the mean of the control group students’ degrees taught on the common method in modulating learning and thinking patterns for the third stage students in the college the physical education.
The research community includes (158) 3rd year students / college of physical education / Mosul university . While ,the number of the individuals included in the research is (70) students .The researchers have adopted the experimental methodology for its convenience to the nature of the research. They also use the empirical design of the equivalent groups with Pre and Post tests . The students have been divided into two groups : The control and the experimental groups. Thus, the experimental group has been studied according to Marzano’s model of learning dimensions. While the control group has been studied according to the common method of the teacher. The equivalence has been achieved for both groups in the variables ( chronological age, Raven intelligence test, academic achievement for parents and students, student’s order in the family and initial information test ) in the subject of physical education teaching methods .
The researchers have prepared a teaching approach to teach the experimental group according to Marzano’s model. In addition, they have prepared teaching plans according to this model. The researchers have also prepared a learning teaching means according to Marzano’s model by using data show instrument. The researchers have prepared a scale for learning and thinking patterns according to Herman theory of brain sovereignty consisted of (54) items according to the scientific procedures of preparing psychological tests.
The experiment has lasted (11) weeks during which the researched sample students have received (11) educational units on an average of a unit for each week in a period of (90) minutes. The researchers have used the following statistical means (the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, chi- square test,t-test and Cronbach alpha equation ) using the statisti bages (SPSS).
The researchers have concluded the following :
1. The effectiveness of Marzano’s model on modulating learning and thinking patterns for3rd year students / college of physical education.
2. The effectiveness of the teaching approach and the educational activities and the educational / learning means on modulating learning and thinking patterns correlated to the four brain parts towards the high and low right parts of the brain.
In the light of the research results , the researchers have recommended the following :
1. Adopting Marzano’s model of learning dimensions in teaching physical education concepts.
2. Inclusion of ( cooperative activities , conceptual maps, advanced organizations , questions that stimulate thinking at the high cognitive levels ) to the physical education teaching methodology to be used and practiced during performing the activities.
3. Training the teachers on designing educational / learning programs to activate the functions of the right part of the brain in different subjects and in all educational stages.

The research aims at :
- Constructing Courage and Confidence Tests for Male-Kindergarten Children (Age 5-6 years ) in Mosul City .
- Evaluating the level of courage and confidence for male-kindergarten children (Age 5-6 years ) in Mosul city.
- Setting standard levels and degrees for courage and confidence tests for male-kindergarten children (Age 5-6 years) in Mosul city.
The researchers have adopted the descriptive methodology with survey style for its convenience to the nature of the research. The research community has been represented by male-kindergarten children (preparatory class) (Age 5-6 years ) at the governmental kindergartens in Mosul city (the right and left sides of the city ) who are registered for the term (2011-2012) and represent (1860 )children , distributed on (28) governmental kindergarten. The sample of the research has included (30) children for the pilot studies, (102) children for performing the discriminating validity , and (30) other children for performing reliability . All of the children have been selected randomly. While, for the sample of constructing test standards , the researchers have adopted to select the children firstly on the geographical style. Thus, the City of Mosul has been divided into two sides (right and left) .Then , Eight kindergarten have been selected to represent (4) kindergarten at each side of the city at a proportion (28,6%) from the total number of the kindergartens. Therefore ,the total number of the sample is (215) children. While the means of collecting data are represented by analyzing the content of the scientific references , the questionnaire , the scientific review , test , measure and the internet. The researchers have used the courage and confidence tests prepared by the researchers to measure the level of courage and confidence for male-kindergarten children (Age 5-6 years) in Mosul as a researching tool and the scientific procedures for constructing tests represented by performing survey experiments for the tests , the scientific interactions represented by the validity of the juries, the discriminating validity, content validity, reliability ( by test retest and mode) and tests subjectivity. The following statistical means have been used (the arithmetic mean , mode, the standard deviation, coefficient of skewness , simple correlation coefficient, t-Test for one sample and for two independent samples and percentage ) .
The researchers have concluded the following :
- The effectivity of the tests constructed to measure courage and confidence level for male-kindergarten children (Age 5-6 years ) in Mosul city.
- The courage and confidence tests are suitable for the research sample. The degrees of the sample are about to be normally distributed .
- Most of the male-kindergarten children (5-6 years old) in Mosul city are enjoying intermediate courage and confidence level and above.
- Setting standard levels and degrees for the tests of courage and confidence for male-kindergarten children (Age 5-6 years ) in Mosul city.

The study aimed to identify the Impact of the strategy of playing roles in simultaneous education of some of the paragraphs of international law in the handball for the 4th year students of the college of physical education ,Mousl University for the academic year 2011-2012.
The experimental method has been chosen to resolve the problem of the research. The model experimental design consisted of two groups ( experimental and control ) of pre-and- post test.
The researchers assumed the existence of statistically significant differences between the degrees of the experimental groups and control group in the final test for a number of paragraphs of the law in the international handball and in favor of the students of experimental group . The research sample consisted of 36 students which was distributed into two equal groups. The implementation of the training program took (8 weeks).. Theoretical and practical final tests were conducted after the completion of the selected program. Then the results were obtained and statistically treated by using the mean ,standard deviation and (T-test). The most significant results are for the benefit of the experimental group in all theoretical and practical tests and the need to generalize this method in the implementation of practical lessons in the college of physical education was recommended.

Research aims to
- Construction of a number of one-dimensional measurements of some personality traits collective sports games.
- Access to psychological to some personality traits collective sports games for advanced players in the city of Mosul.
- Identify the characteristics of some sports personality traits for advanced players in the city of Mosul, according to the type of effectiveness, based on the psychological.
Researchers use the descriptive style screening for relevance and nature of the research.
The population of the search and specify players applicants in the city of Mosul, and numbered (250) player, "Distributors of all clubs based in the city of Mosul, with the exception of club girl (for lack of players), and the clubs non-certified (specialized clubs) were excluded, as were selected sample Find randomly from within the approved clubs, and there are several different facial sample depending on the nature of the research.
The sample was divided into two samples, sample construction and Sponsored (200) players "(80%), a sample application of the (50) players" (20%).
Been relying on (the theory of port, self-report style, style referendums single attribute, logical or mental approach with curriculum experience) in building standards.
Been relying on the questionnaire and the personal interview as a research tool in order to access the page personal psychological tags for advanced players in the city of Mosul.
Included the scientific basis for Standardization (characteristics Alsekoumtria), honesty (Believe content, truthfulness the associated Palmg, honesty convergent and honesty Olachtlavi, sincerity construction), releblity (test and re-test, way analysis of variance), the standard error of the measurements, coefficient of sensitivity.
Researchers used automated computer program SPSS for (percentage, Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient, test Altaúa for two independent samples, analysis of variance without interaction duo, equation Hewitt, sensitivity coefficient, equation standard error).
The researchers reached to
- Construction of a number of one-dimensional measurements of some personality traits collective sports games.
- Find some psychological personality traits collective sports games for advanced players in the city of Mosul.
- Identify the characteristics of some sports personality traits for advanced players in the city of Mosul, according to the type of effectiveness, based on the psychological.

The current study aimed at investigating skillful performance relationship with the subjective tests achievement of basketball for the young players.
The current study has hypothesized that: there is a significant relationship between the skillful performance and the subjective tests achievement of basketball for the young players.
The study's sample consisted of basketball players of Al-Omal and Al-Mustqabal clubs in Ninevah, they were (19) players.
Tests of (side targeting accuracy, targeting test of stability inside the three points bow 6,75m/speed and the peaceful targeting accuracy from the center of the playing yard (5) attempts, test of targeting accuracy under the basket (30) sec./ purling among (8) poles, test of one-hand passing accuracy (6m), test of spoke feet movement and test of two – hand chest passing accuracy (4,5) were selected.
Regarding the statistical treatments, the following laws: (percentage, arithmetic mean, standard variation and simple coefficient) were used.
The current study has concluded the following:
- Depending tests of (side targeting, targeting inside the bow, targeting under the basket, one-hand passing and chest passing accuracy) in measuring the skills which have been prepared to measure them.
- We couldn’t depend tests of (peaceful scoring, zigzag purl, chest passing speed and accuracy and feet movement).
The current study has recommended the following:
- deliberating in depending tests of (peaceful scoring, zigzag purl, chest passing speed and accuracy and feet movement) to express the skills achievement that measure them.
- Making similar studies on similar and different samples.
- Making similar studies on the subjective tests that were not dealt in this study.

The study aims at:
1. Revealing the impact of organizational teaching on the planning behavior in handball for the third stage students at the College of Physical Education.
2. Revealing the impact of organizational teaching on scientific thinking for the third stage students at the College of Physical Education.
Accordingly, the following is hypothesized:
1. There are statistical differences between the mean of the experimental students group marks taught according to the organizational teaching and the mean of the control group taught according to the used method in the scientific thinking for the benefit of the experimental group.
The study population consisted of (196) of the third stage students at the College of Physical Education/ University of Mosul for the year
2011–2012 and the study sample consisted of (50) students. Experimental design, with one experimental group applying pre and post tests, were used. Organizational teaching was adopted as independent variable and the researcher prepared the teaching plans in addition to preparing the student booklet for the teaching materials and the teacher booklet for the organizational teaching. The experiment took (9) weeks where the students received (9) lectures, one lecture in a week. A measure of scientific thinking as subordinate variable was also adopted. Statistical means were used to deal with the planning knowledge test items. Equivalence has been made among age, intelligence, scientific thinking and academic knowledge variables using SPSS software. Results have shown that experimental group students, taught according to organizational teaching, are better in all variables.
The study has summed up with the following:
The experimental group is better than the control group in planning behavior test and scientific thinking measure .
1. The organizational teaching has raised scientific thinking level for the experimental group.
Accordingly, the study recommends the following:
1. The necessity of using the organizational approach in teaching physical education as one of the efficient methods in effective learning that could lead to better results.
2. The necessity of reorganizing the contents of physical education curriculum through adopting organizational approach and clearly fixing the relations among the concepts.
3. The need for providing the teachers with guides on how to use the organizational approach in teaching physical education in general and the planning content of handball in particular.
4. The need for developing thinking skills in general and scientific thinking in particular for the students and focusing on creative skills.
The study has also proposed the following:
1. Making other studies to use the organizational approach in developing various thinking skills.
2. Making other studies dealing with the organizational approach impact on teaching and other scientific classes in physical education.
3. Making a study for constructing a training program for developing organizational teaching concept for psychical education teachers in various teaching stages.