Al-Rafidain Journal for Sports Sciences (RJSS)

The aim of study is to prepare sensory preferences scale for Third Stage students in the college of sport education at Mosul University, as well as to explore the important of senso prefer for student, and how to treat tha data. In eddition to know the teacher sensory preferences for students (visual, Auditory, touchable ) which will assist him to limit the time of learning, and learn the students according to there sensory preferences through choicing the strategies of learning.
Descriptive method by survey style was used to investigate the aim of research. The sample of study consisted of (100) student from third year in the college of sport education at Mosul University for the year (2011-2012), they were chosen ramdomly. The scale is prepared after doing several scientific steps in order to apply it in the sport field and to suit the Iraqi environment, which consist of (21) items as follow:
1-(7) Items for visual prefer from (1-7) catagories.
2-(7) Items for Auditory prefer from (8-14) catagories.
3-(7) Items for touchable prefer from (15-21) catagories.
Finally the researchers recommended the use of sensory preferences (visual, Auditory, touchable ), because its very important in the cognitive and motor learning and effect the success of learning operation.

The aim of the study is expounding the effect of using interactive video in acquiring & retention the technique of performance snatch lift in weightlifting. The researchers adopted the experimental style that is appropriate for the study. The research society consisted of students of preparatory stage, the ninth class from Hazhar Mokriani school in Duhok city for the term(2011-2012) , which are (112) students divided into (4) groups. But the research sample consisted of the students of two groups randomly chosen which were (57) students,(10) students from each group thus the research sample became(20) students were intentionally chosen, divided into two groups. The first one is experimental that teaches through interactive video and the second one (the control) teaches through the classic system(showing & explaining) and the sample of research represented (15%) of the entire research sociwty, the program lasted (5) week for two teaching units for every group, the time of teaching unit is(40) minutes, depending on serious tests for achieving the aims of the research, after performing the tests and processing them statistically, the both researchers concluded the following:
-The study proved the effectiveness of the educational program which is prepared by interactive video technique for the group in acquiring the skill of the performance of the art of snatch lift.
- The study proved that the educational program which is prepared by interactive video technique was the best in feteution of the skill of performance of snatch-lift .
- using the classical style had its positive side in acquiring and the reteution of the performance for the members of control group.
The researchers recommended that :
- inserting the weightlifting subject within the curriculm for the physical education subject of the basic educational stages.
- the necessity of using the interactive video in the process of teaching through teaching snatch-lift in Olympic lifting games.
- Doing similar researches and studies for the other stages and subjet as well .

The research aims at constructing athletic fear scale for the students of the college of physical education at Mosul university .
The research has been performed on 1st class students of the college of physical education representing (142) female and male students selected randomly. They represent a rate of (67%) of the research community . The following means have been used ( percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-Test, simple correlation coefficient and Alfa coefficient (cronbach) to analyze data statistically . The researchers have recommended the following :
- Constructing an athletic fear scale for the students of the physical education college / Mosul university.
- Accepting all axes that form the subject matter which are six axes ( fear of physical and psychological injury consisting of (8) items, fear of failure consisting of (7)items, fear of the others’ presence consisting of (6) items, fear of the absence of psychological harmony consisting of (7) items, fear of the unavailability of security and safety means consisting of (7) items, and fear of losing the social support consisting of (3)items ).
The researchers have recommended the following
- The necessity of using the scale to measure fears exposed by the 1st class students of the college of physical education.

The current study aimed at:
- Constructing a measurement scale for the characteristic of the persecuted sport personality of the adult players in the city of Mosul
- putting standard levels on a fifth scale ranging between low level and high level of the persecuted sport personality
Both researchers used the descriptive method by means of survey style for its appropriateness to the nature of the study. The sample of the study consisted of the adult players in the center of the city of Mosul (623 players) distributed on all the official clubs in the center of the city of Mosul, except the unofficial clubs, which were excluded (specialized ones).
The sample of the study consisted of (508) players which was then divided into two samples; the sample scale Constructing which consisted of (330) players with a percentage of (65%), and application sample which consisted of (178) players with a percentage of (35%).
The scale of measuring the persecuted sport personality, which was edited by the researchers, as a means for collecting data. The procedures of Constructing the scale included (identifying the dimensions of the scale, identifying the method of formulating the items of the scale, formulating the items of each dimension with their initial form in addition to applying the scientific steps and the procedures in Constructing the scale which includes validity of the content, the vase validity of the scale, the validity of Constructing the scale which is represented in (the statistical analysis of the items) by means of two contrasted groups, internal consistency and the method of retesting for validity was also used).
The statistical means were: the mean, Mode, standard deviation, the equation of coefficient of skewers of (Karl Pearson), Simple Correlation Coefficient, t-Test, the Hypothetical Mean of the scale and percentage.
The researchers reached at the following findings:
Constructing a scale for the characteristic of the persecuted personality of adult players in the center of the city of Mosul
Generally adult players in the center of the city of Mosul have a degree of positive psychological persecution which may be an incentive and a motive for performance and giving in sport field
Constructing certain standard levels for the sample of the study by means of the scale of measuring the characteristic of sport persecuted personality.

-The research aims of knowing the following;-
1. The effect of using learning program according to the changing of scheduling practice(massed-distributed) in learning front hand spring skill on vault apparatus in Gymnastic .
2. The differences in post tests between experimental and control groups in learning front hand spring skill on vault apparatus in gymnastics.
- The researchers have used the experimental method for it is convenience to nature of the study, The sample of the study consisted of (12) students from second stage in the college of sport education –Dohuk university for the year 2011-2012 deliberately selected and divided by randomly method into two groups (experimental and control) , (6) students for each group. Equivalence and homogeneous was made between two groups in variables such as(Age, Height , Mass, some physical and motor elements , and hand spring skill on vault apparatus).The researchers were used(personal interview, questionnaire , measurement and test, and scientific observation) as means for collecting data. , The researchers have also used the Arithmetic mean , standard deviation, coefficient variance percentage, T.Test for two correlated and uncorrelated means equal in number, to treat the datd statistically.
The researchers concluded the following;-
1.The two learning programs for the experimental group and control group has a positive impacts in developing the front hand stand spring skill on vault apparatus in gymnastics.
2.The experimental group which used the proposed program is better than the control group in developing the front hand spring skill on vault apparatus in gymnastics.

The research aims at :
- Standardizing Motor Intelligence Tests for Male Kindergarten Children (Age 5-6 Years ) In Mosul City
- Evaluating the level of motor intelligence for Male Kindergarten Children (Age 5-6 Years ) In Mosul City.
- Setting standard levels and degrees of motor intelligence tests for male kindergarten children (Age 5-6 years ) in Mosul city.
The researchers have adopted the descriptive methodology with survey style for its convenience to the nature of the research. The research community has been represented by male-kindergarten children (preparatory class) (Age 5-6 years ) at the governmental kindergartens in Mosul city (the right and left sides of the city ) who are registered for the term (2011-2012) and represent (1860 )children , distributed on (28) governmental kindergarten. The sample of the research has included (30) children for the pilot studies, (30) children for performing the discriminating validity , and (30) other children for performing reliability . All of the children have been selected randomly. While, for the sample of constructing test standards , the researchers have adopted to select the children firstly on the geographical style. Thus, the City of Mosul has been divided into two sides (right and left) .Then , Eight kindergarten have been selected to represent (4) kindergarten at each side of the city at a proportion (28,6%) from the total number of the kindergartens. So , their number is (215) children selected randomly from the kindergartens. Therefore ,the total number of the sample is (305) children. While the means of collecting data are represented by analyzing the content of the scientific references , the questionnaire , the scientific in interview , test ,and measure meat. The researchers have used the motor intelligence tests prepared by (Sha’ban, 2007) as a tool of the research. The pilot studies have been performed on the tests and then modulated. Next, the scientific interactions have been done for the tests ,which represent : the validity of the juries, the discriminating validity, content validity, reliability by (test - retest) and tests subjectivity. The following statistical means have been used (the arithmetic mean, mode , the standard deviation, coefficient of skewenss, simple correlation coefficient, t-Test for two independent samples and percentage ) .
The researchers have concluded the following :
- The motor intelligence tests have been suitable for the research sample. The degrees of the sample are close to be normal distributed .
- Most of the male-kindergarten children (5-6 years old) in Mosul city are enjoying intermediate motor intelligence level and above.
- Setting standard levels and degrees for the tests of motor intelligence for male-kindergarten children (Age 5-6 years ) in Mosul city.

The research aims to expound the following: -
1 - The effect of using the two teaching methods (complex and initiative) teaching methods in achieving the educational goals of the basic skills of badminton among students in the third grade in the college of physical education.
2 - The best method of the two training methods (complex and initiative) in achieving the educational goals of the basic skills basic skills of badminton among students in the third grade in the college of physical education.
The researchers set the following hypothesis -
1 - No statistically significant differences exist among the three research groups using complex, initiative and the normal practice training methods used by the teacher.
2 - There are significant differences between post-test results among the three research groups using complex, initiative, and the normal practiced teaching methods used by the teacher.
The researchers used the experimental approach appropriate with the nature of study, with a study sample of (60) students, divided into three groups in which (20) students were assigned to the experimental group that studied according to the complex method and (20) students to the experimental group, that studied according to the initiative method and (20) students to the control group, that studied according to the usual method .
Equalization among the three groups was been achieved in a number of key variables including (age, height, mass, and IQ) , some elements of physical and motor fitness , the accuracy of technical performance and achievement of basic skills in badminton and the psychological attitude scale .
The implementation of the teaching methods continued for (6) weeks, by (18) teaching units which divided into three groups in which (6) units were assigned to the experimental group which studied according to the complex method , (6) units to the experimental group, which studied according to the initiative method, and (6) units to the control group, which studied according to the usual method .
The time allocated to each educational unit was (90) minutes. After completion of the program, the post-test was conducted for the variables (accuracy of achievement and technical performance of basic skills in badminton and psychological attitude and cognitive achievement test).
The researchers used the following statistical tools: -
(Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, (T.test), (F .test) analysis of variance, LSD, Pearson's simple correlation coefficient, percentage, and chi square) using the data processing program (spss).
Based on the results the researchers concluded the following:-
1 - The complex and initiative methods are affective in achieving the educational goals of basic badminton skills.
2 - The results for the three groups showed that the post –test results were superior results in both badminton skills and psychological attitude.
3 - The results showed superiority of the complex and initiative methods are affective in achieving the educational goals of basic badminton skills.
The researchers recommends the following: -
1 - Emphasis on the use of both the complex and initiative methods because of their effectiveness in achieving the educational goals of basic skills badminton.
2 - Emphasis on the use of both the complex and initiative methods because of their effectiveness in achieving accuracy of the performance and technical achievement of basic skills badminton.
3 - To benefit from the use of cognitive achievement test and the psychological attitude test in badminton classes.
Through the results of the study the researcher suggests the following:
1 - Conduct studies similar to the current research materials and at different study grades.
2 - Conducting studies to compare he cognitive achievement test and the toward psychological attitude in badminton classes between females and males.
3 - Conducting studies to compare the accuracy of the technical performance and achievement of basic skills badminton between females and males.

The research aims at revealing the following :
-The effect of the eccentric muscle contraction on a number of physical variables (force, endurance speed, flexibility and fitness).
-The effect of the eccentric muscle contraction on the technical performance level on the floor carpet movement .
-The statistical differences between the post and pre test of both groups of the research .
-The statistical differences of the post test of both groups.
To verify the research objectives, the researchers have put the following hypotheses :
• There is an effect of the eccentric muscle contraction exercises on a number of the physical variables (strength, endurance speed, flexibility and agility).
• There is an effect of the eccentric muscle contraction exercises on the technical performance level of floor carpet movement .
• The presence of statistical differences between the post and pre test of both groups of the research and for the benefit of the post test.
• There were statistical differences in post test for both groups of the research and for the benefit of experimental group .
Research Methodology and Field Procedures :
The research has been applied on a sample consisted of junior gymnastic players Ninava city, The sample has included (12) players of age (11-13 years) .The players have been divided into two groups .Thus , each group consists of (6) players who have been selected randomly via a lot by choosing a number from serial numbers (1-12) put in a bag .So, each player has drown a definite number .Then , the researchers have classified the owners of the odd numbers and call them the control group , and he calls the owners of the even numbers the experimental group. The research items have been applied completely regarding the tests and evaluating the post and pre-levels of the technical performance for the empirical and control groups under the same circumstances of the availability of modern training hall and modern gymnastic devices for both groups .The researchers have adopted the experimental methodology for its convenience to the nature of the research.
The research procedures have included distributing a questionnaire forms to the specialists and experts to determine some suitable physical variables and tests .A questionnaire forms have been distributed to the specialists and experts )in order to select( the gymnastic movements in which the muscle contraction appears significantly on the device ( ground movement carpet). In addition, questionnaire forms have been distributed to specialists and experts at the field of biomechanics to determine the important researched angles and joints and to ensure the equivalence and harmony between both groups in the variables ( age, height and weight) , the physical tests and the technical performance level on some gymnastic devices determined by the experts and specialists. A training program has been designed to apply on the experimental group as well as making a number of pilot studies experimental to transcend problems and difficulties in performing exercises in addition to the suitable repetitions and rest times for those exercises that suit the researched sample. Then, the pre-tests have been performed on some physical variables and the technical performance level .Then, the experimental group members have performed the prepared program .Performing the training program has lasted (8) weeks during intermediate courses represented by (4) small courses for the first course ,(3) small courses for the second course and a small course for the third course with a curve (3:1).(2:1).(1) The researcher has performed the post tests on number of physical variables and the level of technical performance with the same procedures and steps performed at the pre-tests.
The researchers have concluded the following :
After the researcher finished the research procedures , Both researchers have concluded the following results :
• The exercises of eccentric muscle contraction performed in the training program influence positively some physical variables (force, endurance speed, flexibility and fitness).
• The exercises of eccentric muscle contraction performed in the training program influence positively the technical performance level device ground movements carpet,
• Recommendations :
-Using eccentric muscle contraction exercises in developing a number of researched physical variables and taking benefit from the properties of those devices.
-Do not depend on one type of exercises in developing a number of physical variables for the gymnastic players.
-The need for a gymnastics coach for all stages of the scientific method in planning the programs of eccentric muscle contraction exercises.
-Making similar studies on other athletic games and different age levels.

The aims of the study :-
1. To explore the impact of using the style of exercise scheduling (practice) static-distributed and the traditional style used by the lecturer in learning some basic offensive skills in mini basketball .
2. comparing the impact of using exercise scheduling (practice) static-distributed and traditional style used by the lecturer in learning some of basic offensive skills in mini basketball in posttest .
- Experimental approach was used to suit the nature of the problem of the study, the subjects of the study consisted of (53) pupils who were chosen deliberately. they represent two classes.then some pupils were excluded because of their inappropriateness with other pupils. Therefore, the final number of the subjects were (30) pupils. They were divided into two equal groups (experimental and control groups), as (15) pupils for each group. Then the styles of practice scheduling were distributed by lottery. Equivalent process was made for the growing variables ( mass , length , age ) some mental competences and physical fitness elements. Moreover, some of the basic offensive skills in mini basketball. The program lasts for (7) weeks, the units were distributed as two units a week for each group, time for each unit was (45) minutes for both groups. Data were treated statistically by using the( Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient simple correlation, (Pearson), percentage, (T) test for the dependent and independent groups).
- The researchers concluded the following :-
1- The style of exercise scheduling (practice) static-distributed and the traditional style have efficacious and positive effect in learning some basic offensive skills in mini basketball with different levels .
2- The superiority of the experimental group (who used the style of practice scheduling static-distributed in the study) on the control group (who used the traditional style in the study) in the following skills (straightforward dribble , high dribble, shooting from under goal ,near wayside shooting)

The aim of this paper is to:
1. Identifing the speed distinctive strength values for each of arms, back, and legs muscles.
2. Identifing the heights and deviations (absolute and relative) of barbell in snatch.
3. Identifing the relationship between speed distinctive strength of arms, back, legs muscles with heights and deviation (absolute and relative) of barbell trajectory during snatch.
The scopes of research included the following:
1. Human scopes; Nineveh team of weight lifting.
2. Temporal scopes; started from 20/3/2012-27/3/2012.
3. Spatial scopes; weight lifting hall, training center in Al-Futtowa Club/Nineveh.
A descriptive method has been used by the researchers, the sample consisted of (6) weight lifters selected namely as being the candidates of province of Nineveh sports. Questionnaire has been used for measurements and analysis of data techniques. The data were statistically treated using arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of simple correlation; this has been applied via SPSS.
The study concluded the following:
1. The increase of speed distinctive strength of arms muscles reduces the weight deviations (relative and absolute). This is done between the widest intrinsic deviations of barbell towards the weight lifter. This is happened during the weight drop and fixing deviation point in squat of earth gravity line.
2. There is no significant relation between the speed distinctive strength and the variables of heights (H1-H11) and deviations (D1, D2, D3, D6) for each of arms, back and legs muscles.
The study recommended the following:
1. Developing the speed distinctive strength of weight lifter because it can be one of the basic elements of weight lifting.
2. The necessity of using weights less than 60% in which may lead to increase the speed distinctive strength for all parts of the body of weight lifter.
3. Conduct another studies on other forms of musculature strength and join them with other biomechanics veriables.
4. Conduct similar studies on basic elements of general physical ability.

The research aims at :
- Constructing a scale of the organizational culture types for the directives of the physical and artistic education directors in the point of view of their staff.
The sample includes (199) a training and administrative members of the staff of the directions of physical and artistic education directives in Iraqi universities and , in particular , the staff of the physical sector. The validity of the content and the face validity of the scale and the construction validity by using the style of the contrasted groups and the internal consistency have been examined. Alfa reliability coefficient of the scale is (0,92) of the organizational culture . The data have been processed statistically by using the following statistical means :
(Percentage , chi square , t-Test for two independent samples and correlation coefficient (Person ))
The researchers have concluded the following :
1. (36) item of the scale deffrentiate between both contrasted groups Their calculated values were between ( 11,083-2,659) . The level of significance is between (0,002-0,000) .
2. (36) items were leiving internal consistency. Their correlating values were between (0,290-0,858) . Their level of significance is zero.
3. The value of alfa reliability coefficient of the organizational culture scale is (0,92).
The researchers have recommended the following :
1. Adopting the scale in measuring the organizational culture for the directives of the physical and artistic directives in Iraqi universities.
2. Making a comparison among the managers of physical education directives in Iraqi universities in the organizational culture types .

The research aims to determine a discriminating function of some of the physical variables of the female volleyball players (excellent and Je' first degree leagues) for the northern region.
Researchers hypothesized that a discrimination exists between the two groups of volleyball players (excellent and first degree leagues) in some physical variables. Researchers used the descriptive method with survey style which is appropriate to the nature of ' the study. the population of the study consisted of the total number of (77) players in which (29) players were from excellent league sports clubs from the northern region of including the ( Akad , Erbil and Shaqlawa sports clubs ) and (48) players from the frrst degree leagues clubs ( Karkosh and Alstorjh and new Solaf and Nishteiman) .
The tests which were used in the study included (10) physical tests, including , (vertical jump from standing , throwing the medical ball from a sitting position, sitting on a (3 kg) weighed chair, pushup the arms from inclined position on the floor (10) seconds and (until exhaustion), flexing and bending the knees to exhaustion with jumping, delivering and receiving the ball against the wall , sitting from the laying position (10) seconds, shuttle run (9-3-6-3-9) , bending the trunk forward from long sitting position, and Nelson's motor response test.
The statistical analysis used in the study included the (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, and discriminatory analysis).
The following conclusions were reached:
- Determining the tests that distinguishes between the players (delivering and receiving the ball against the wall, bending the trunk forward from long sitting position and the long arms of the and flexing and extending the arms from inclined position on the floor (10) seconds) The recommendations of the study are:
- The adoption of discriminatory function in the selection and classification of the volleyball players for the northern region clubs .

This study aims at constructing a set of futsal basic skilful tests for the secondary school teams in Mosul city. The researchers have adopted the descriptive methodology with survey and correlating relationships for its convenience to the nature of the research. The samples of study deals with players of the futsal teams of secondary schools who were (24) teams and the real sample was (18) teams played as teams of the secondary schools in championship (term 2011-2012) it was 75% from community , skilful tests were (16) contains (4) basic skills
( controlling – passing –dribbling – shooting ) the Two researchers used data were assessed using the arithmetic mean - the standard deviation - the percentage law – semenof Test Normal distribution and Simple Correlation and factor analysis. The two researcher have concluded a battery of skilful tests including (8) factors six factors that achieve the terms required for factor acceptance which were :
The first factor (the motor skills) , the second (flour passing ) , the third (controlling ),the fourth( shooting) , the fifth (controlling and passing ) and the six factor is ( kicking the ball).
-been obtained a battery of basic skilful tests like Next tests throught variables wich included full degrees accepted factors which were :
rolling ball around (5) signs according to Barrow method – passing the ball by controlling foot – controlling the ball inside two circles – shooting from movement by row ball _ controlling the ball inside squire _ passing the ball along (30) second from movement).The two researcher recommended the following adopting the battery of tests as variables by coaches who work with futsal school teams as Indicator for testing and choosing players as well as constructing another batterys for other games and making similar researches and studies at other levels for female and Setting standard degrees for battery .

The research aims at revealing the following :
- Both (mastering and mutual ) learning styles and their effect on Psychological fluency.
- Both (mastering and mutual ) learning styles and their effect on learning technical performance and achievement level in shooting skill for futsal female players.
- The better style of those styles in learning shooting skill for futsal female players.
The researchers have adopted the experimental methodology for its convenience to the nature of the research . The research sample has included (24) 1st-stage female students / college of physical education and college of education (for girls)-Dept. of physical education divided into two equivalent groups (12 female students for each group ).The equivalence in variables (height, weight and age) and some mental capabilities ( intensity of attention , attention concentration and intelligence) have been verified in addition to a number of physical fitness elements , shooting skill and psychological fluency .
The first experimental group, represented by the physical education female students , has used “ the mastering learning style, while the second experimental group , represented by the physical education female students , has used “the mutual style “. The learning approach has lasted (31) days as three educational units for each group .Each educational unit has lasted (90) minutes .So, the approaches fulfillment has started on 28/2/2012 to 8/3/2012 .
The researchers have used the following statistical means ( arithmetic mean, standard deviation, T-Test, rate of change, percentage of development , learning amount, and simple correlation coefficient ).In addition, SPSS has been used.
The researchers have concluded the following :
- Both styles have an effect on changing Psychological fluency between the both of the research groups.
- The mastering learning style is better than the mutual style in changing the Psychological fluency between both of the research groups.
- The mastering learning style is better than the mutual style in learning technical performance and achievement accuracy in the shooting skill for futsal female students.

This research aimed at identifying the degree of job satisfaction for the employees in the branch sport federation of basketball. The research used the descriptive methodology and the sample of the research consisted of (148) individual distributed as (54) members in branch federation, (50) referees, (36) approved couches and (8) technical observers. To accomplish the objective of the research, job satisfaction scale was used, which was prepared by (ALQaroot, 2006) after insuring its validity and reliabity, conducting the statistical analysis was done on its items, then the data were treated statistically by using the percentage, mathematical means, assumption mean, standard deviation, t Test, Alfa coefficient, Gutmann, coefficient Spearman correlation coefficient and Pearson correlation coefficient.
The researcher concluded the following:
1. There is a degree of job satisfaction for the employees in the branch sport federation of basketball in Iraq and with a percentage of (71.54%), as the axis of the relationship with partners was in the first order in the sequence and axis of the training courses in the second place, the axis of the job nature or the work was in the third place, the axis of the relationship with the Iraqi central federation of basket ball in the fourth place, the axis of rewards and incentives in came in the fifth place and the axis of allowances in the sixth and the last place.
2. There is a decrease in the axis of allowances as this axis came in the final place and final order.
The researchers recommended the following:
1. Work to increase financial allocations for workers in the branch sports federations of basketball in Iraq in order to fit with their efforts.
2. Work on the delivery of financial allocations to workers in branch of sports federations in of basketball in Iraq, on time and do not delay its disbursement.
3. Motivate talented staff in the branch of sports federations of basketball in Iraq by providing them with incentive bonuses.
4. Work to increase wages and arbitration training for workers in the branch of sports federations of basketball in Iraq.
5. Set dangerous allocation for workers in branch of sports federations of basketball in Iraq.
6.Doivf Researches and other studies on the degree of job satisfaction among workers in the rest of the sports federations and sports.