Psychological representation among the players of some teams of the College of Physical Education and University of

The aim of the study is: The researchers used the descriptive approach for its relevance and the nature of the research. The research community included the players of the teams of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for team games, which numbered (44) players, and the research sample included (35), and (9) players were excluded from a pilot experiment, and it was used Psychological representation scale prepared by (Fahd, 2014), and the researchers used the SPSS statistical bag) to get (the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s simple correlation coefficient, Spearman-Brown equation, t-test, percentage, and hypothesis mean). The researchers concluded:


1-Introduction 1-1 Introduction and importance of the research
Sports psychology is a science that studies the behavior of the individual in sports, and that behavior is the individual's responses that can be observed and recorded, such as external behavior, but there are other responses that cannot be observed from the outside and cannot be seen, and these aspects of The responses can be identified through experience, and the purpose of studying the individual's sports behavior is to try to discover the reasons or psychological factors that affect the behavior of the athlete on the one hand, and on the other hand, the experience of sports practice itself affects the personal aspects of the athlete, which contributes to the development of the player's maximum performance. (Bizio, 2016, 7-8).
Psychological representation is one of the important characteristics of a continuity in the lives of individuals, whether they are athletes or non-athletes, as they use it because they are exposed to situations that require that representation, which may be negative in some of its results and may be positive in others because these situations require the individual to come out From his personal entity and enters into another entity that we think will get good results, and this depends of course on the role of the actor (football player or any player in another game Like basketball and handball players) and his  ability to perform the dramatic role well because drama is the art by which the  individual can earn The audience's attention around him depends on the  individual's personal abilities to perform the role in a distinctive way," and what happens more often in football, and for different groups and levels, Rather, it is considered a double-edged sword most of the time, any time that is a reason for the team's victory if the player can play the role of the injured in the penalty area of the opposing team, through which he may receive a penalty kick, and once it is a reason for the team's loss if the player fails to represent the role on the referee of the match, Thus, he receives a red card (expulsion from the match), which contributes to entering his team into the cycle of numerical shortage that most likely causes loss" . (Fahd, 2014, 1-2) The importance of the research through that introduction is that the situations that players are exposed to because of the frequent friction and the length of the match time and the inability in front of the opposing team leads the player to deceive (representation) on the referee of the match in order to achieve victory or to delay playing (gaining time) or in order to destroy The opposite team is psychologically, and therefore the researchers decided to stand on the psychological representation of the players of some teams of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul in a scientific way through their answers to the scale form prepared for this purpose.

1-2 research problem
Many players rely on devious methods that degrade the player's value through his practice of the method contrary to the norms and moral and sports values based on honest competition and acceptance of negative results such as our acceptance of positive results, despite what psychological representation sometimes achieves from the player's achievement for his team, but it is considered Among the morally objectionable provisions in the world of football, basketball and handball, as they aim to win the match at the expense of moral values and high sporting principles represented by fair play and relying on the players' competence and skills and their ability to continue performing exercises on a regular basis so that they can outperform their opponent, Hence, the problem of the current research lies in trying to answer the following question: -Do the players of the College of Physical Education and Sports Science teams have a high, medium or low degree of psychological representation?

1-3 The aim of the study
-Identifying the degree of psychological representation among the players of the teams of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences -University of Mosul.

1-5 Research fields
-The human field: the players of the teams of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.  (Hamouda, 1991): where acting is used as a performative and automatic means and is the distinguishing feature of performance, because it combines treatment and emotional venting at the same time. (Hamouda, 1991, 54) The researchers defined psychological representation in theory as: it is the player re-enacting his behavioral, psychological or social problems in a free expressive form while playing to gain time and get an opportunity to re-form the team. The researchers defined psychological representation procedurally as: the total score obtained by the players of the teams of the College of Physical Education and Sports Science in the light of their response to the paragraphs of the psychological representation scale.

2-Previous Studies 2-1 Study (Fahad, 2014) " Constructing and Codifying Psychological Representation on the Iraqi League First Division Football Teams in the Southern Region"
The aim of the study to: -constructing and standardizing the psychological representation scale for firstclass football players in the country.
-Identifying the players' ability to psychological representation and knowing the negative and positive cases resulting from psychological representation in the first-class football matches.
The researcher used the descriptive approach in a survey style and this is in line with the nature of the current study, and the research sample included (80) players representing (6) clubs and they were chosen in a deliberate way, and the researcher reached the following conclusion: The possibility of constructing and codifying a psychological representation scale for first-class football players in Iraq.
-The current scale is a tool to reveal the players' ability to perform psychological representation if it is applied to a sample of Iraqi league football players by other researchers.

3-Search Procedures 3-1 Research Methodology
The descriptive approach was used in the survey method for its relevance and the nature of the research.

2-3 Research community and sample
The research community included the players of some teams of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for team games, and their number is (44) players, and the research sample included (35), and (9) players were excluded from a pilot experiment, distributed as shown in Table (1).
Psychological representation among the players of some teams of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences -University of Mosul 222

3-3 search tool : 3-3-1 Psychological Representation Scale :
The researchers used the psychological representation scale prepared by (Fahd, 2014), which included (20) items distributed on three axes, (7) items for the axis of motor representation, (7) items for the axis of declarative representation, and (6) items for the axis of verbal representation. Three alternatives were identified in front of each paragraph (it applies to me completely, applies to me a little, does not apply to me at all), the paragraphs of the scale included positive and negative paragraphs, and scores were given (3, 2, 1) for the positive items and the scores were given (1, 2, 3) for the negative items The total score of the scale approached between (20-60) degrees, noting that the scale is applied to the Iraqi environment.

3-3-1-1 The veracity of the scale :
The researchers verified the validity of the scale through the apparent validity (the arbitrators).

3-3-1-1-1 The apparent validity of the scale :
The psychological representation scale was presented in the form of a questionnaire to a number of experts and specialists (*) in the field of (

3-3-1-2 The pilot experiment
The exploratory experiment was conducted on a sample of (9) players, and they were selected from the original community, knowing that they were not from the research sample, and the aim of the experiment was the following: -Identify the appropriateness of the paragraphs prepared for this purpose. The extent of the clarity of the paragraphs of the questioner.

3-3-1-3 Scale stability
The tool is considered stable if it gives the same results in its measurement of the phenomenon for many times (Al-Ajili et al., 1990, 143). In order to obtain the stability of the scale, the researchers distributed the scale to a sample of (35) players as an initial test, then the same test was repeated after (14) days of testing The first is on the same sample, as some sources indicate that the period between the first application of the tool and the second application of it should not exceed two-three weeks, and after data collection, it was processed statistically using Pearson's simple correlation coefficient, the calculated value (R) appeared (0.87). This indicates a correlation and therefore a stability coefficient of the scale.

3-4 Application of the psychometric scale
The scale was applied to a sample consisting of (35) players, and without specifying a fixed time to answer the scale, scale brochures were distributed to them, as the method of answering the scale items was explained, by placing a mark (√) in front of each item, and under the alternative that it deems appropriate, and it was emphasized They have to answer all the paragraphs of the scale accurately and honestly, knowing that the answer is on the scale brochure itself, then the scale pamphlets were collected from the testers and they were corrected, and thus the laboratory's score on the scale is the sum of its scores on all the scale items.

3-5 Statistical means
The researchers used the statistical program (Spss) in order to find the statistical means for the research variables.

‫الرياضية‬ ‫للعلوم‬ ‫الرافدين‬ ‫جملة‬
Psychological representation among the players of some teams of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences -University of Mosul 222 After collecting the data obtained by the researchers, the results of the psychological representation scale were monitored for the players of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences -University of Mosul, and the data were analyzed statistically as follows: 4-1 Presenting the results of the appropriateness of the psychological representation scale for the research sample The researchers wanted to ascertain the suitability of the psychological representation scale for the sample by evaluating the torsion coefficient of (Karl Pearson), and table (2) shows that.  Table (2) shows that the arithmetic mean of the answers of the research sample on the psychological representation scale amounted to (46,714) degrees, and with a standard deviation of (6,679) degrees, while the value of the mode reached (50) degrees, and accordingly the values of the distortion coefficient amounted to (-0.49) Degree, from the above, the results indicate the suitability of the scale to the sample, and that the distribution is closer to normal, as (Al-Atrakji, 1980) indicates that "the skewness is considered normal, and the tests are suitable for the sample if the skew coefficient falls between (1) ". (Al-Atrakji, 1980, 204-206) -2 Presenting the results of evaluating the degree of psychological representation of the research sample In order to assess the degree of psychological representation of the research sample, the researchers found the hypothetical average degree of the scale (*), and compared it with the arithmetic mean degree of the research sample's answers on the scale. The sample mean that significantly exceeds the hypothetical mean value of the scale is a high psychological representation, while the insignificant value represents a psychological representation within the mean limits. As for the sample mean values that are lower than the hypothetical mean value of the scale in a significant way, they represent a low psychological representation, and Table (3) shows that.  (3) that the arithmetic means values of the answers of the research sample for the psychological representation scale amounted to (46,714) degrees, with a standard deviation of (6,679) degrees. While the value of the (t) test calculated for one sample reached (5,946) degrees, and the probabilistic value reached (0.000), which is a value smaller than the value of the level of morality (0.05), which indicates that the difference is significant, and for the benefit of the average degrees of the research sample, and this indicates the players have a high level of psychological representation.
The researchers attribute the results they obtained to the great importance of psychological representation in the field of sports in general and football, handball and basketball games in particular, as it has two positive and negative sides. In the conditions of the match, we should always work to develop the player's confidence in himself and his abilities, and we do not mean here to create a psychological atmosphere for the player, but rather to reveal, show and repeat similar conditions of the match that may be subject to vibration as a result of certain circumstances the player is going through, especially after real failures and failures, as psychological features are related to aspects Physical, skill and tactics, and this is consistent with (Rateb, 1997) that athletes who have a high ability to represent the movement understand their abilities well, but this alone does not guarantee their superior performance, but the athletes must possess the skills and physical adequacy as each supports the other. An athlete who has the ability to act without physical and skill sufficiency, means that he has false confidence, which is one of the major psychological risks that athletes in general and team sports players in particular go through. (Salary, 1997, 338) As for the negative side, the player shows emotions or deep anger in the form of screaming when he encounters an early defeat or a specific situation. He cannot respond with emotions appropriate to the different situations during the competition, and he cannot think well of the critical situations in the match, and this is what he refers to (Al-Khikani, 2008). The resulting emotional expression, such as raising the vocal tone of speech and pressing some specific words and letter exits, all enable the player to express many emotional states. (Al-Khikani, 2008, 251) It is also mentioned (Alawi, 1998) that among the most important characteristics that an athlete must possess and that distinguishes him from a non-athlete is the characteristic (psychological representation), and the player ‫الرياضية‬ ‫للعلوم‬ ‫الرافدين‬ ‫جملة‬ -( ‫اجمللد‬ 52 ) -‫ال‬ ‫عدد‬ ( 77 ) ‫خاص‬ -5255 Psychological representation among the players of some teams of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences -University of Mosul 222 who is characterized by this characteristic has the ability to maintain a high degree of activity and vitality for a long period until reaching the goal There were unexpected difficult situations, either the player who lacks these psychological traits, we find him unable to continue to face the obstacles he encounters, whether in training or sports competition, and thus his inability to address. (Alawi, 1998, 157)

5-Conclusions and recommendations 5-1 Conclusions
-The suitability of the psychological representation scale among the players of the teams of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences -University of Mosul.
-The players of the College of Physical Education and Sports Science teams have a mean score of the psychological representation scale that is higher than the hypothetical average, and therefore the players enjoy a high level of psychological representation.

Recommendations
-The possibility of applying the current scale to individual games and for both sexes.
-The need to pay attention to the development of the moral characteristics of young players and youth to create a spirit of honest sports competition for them and to stay away from wrong practices.